Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Subconsciousness and No Awareness01:15

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...
Understanding Consciousness01:23

Understanding Consciousness

Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
Sleep, a crucial state, is characterized by reduced physical...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microfluidic patch integrated with cobalt oxide/cobalt phosphate nanozyme for electrochemical lactate sensing at neutral pH.

Talanta·2026
Same author

Population Coupling of V1 and V4 Neurons and Its Relation to Local Cortical State Fluctuations and Attention in Macaque Monkey.

eNeuro·2026
Same author

Brainwide blood volume reflects opposing neural populations.

Nature·2026
Same author

Mapping the visual cortex with Zebra noise and wavelets.

Journal of vision·2026
Same author

Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making.

Nature·2025
Same author

A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour.

Nature·2025
Same journal

Brain-spleen axis regulates learned fear.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Acetylcholine: a candidate substrate for hippocampal predictive learning?

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Astrocytes viewed through the lens of their proteomes and subproteomes.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

m<sup>6</sup>A in RNA: a key regulator of brain development, function and disease.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Non-invasive deep-brain neuromodulation by transcranial radio frequency stimulation.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Heading into the wild: setting the course to natural neuroscience.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Cortical state and attention.

Kenneth D Harris1, Alexander Thiele

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK. kenneth.harris@ imperial.ac.uk

Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
|August 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain rapidly adjusts cortical circuits for behavior by modulating neural activity. Selective attention shares mechanisms with state changes, enhancing relevant information and reducing internal noise.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Touchscreen Sustained Attention Task (SAT) for Rats
09:31

Touchscreen Sustained Attention Task (SAT) for Rats

Published on: September 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Touchscreen Sustained Attention Task (SAT) for Rats
09:31

Touchscreen Sustained Attention Task (SAT) for Rats

Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The brain's ability to adapt information processing to behavioral needs is crucial.
  • Cortical circuits rapidly modulate their operating modes to control information transformation and routing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the control mechanisms of cortical information processing.
  • To compare state-dependent processing in rodents with attention in primates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental approaches studying state-dependent cortical processing in rodents.
  • Analysis of attention mechanisms in the primate visual system.

Main Results:

  • Both state-dependent processing and attention involve modulation of low-frequency activity fluctuations and spiking correlations.
  • Common receptor systems mediate these processes.
  • Selective attention may involve state-change-like processes at a local columnar level.

Conclusions:

  • Selective attention enhances salient feature representation while suppressing internally generated activity.
  • Shared neural mechanisms underlie adaptive brain function and attentional control.