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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: The 3D Culturing of Organoids from Murine Intestinal Crypts and a Single Stem Cell for Organoid Research
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Colon stem cell and crypt dynamics exposed by cell lineage reconstruction.

Yitzhak Reizel1, Noa Chapal-Ilani, Rivka Adar

  • 1Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Plos Genetics
|August 11, 2011
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Summary

This study uses somatic mutations to trace stem cell lineages in the mouse colon, revealing monoclonal crypt conversion and ruling out hematopoietic stem cell contribution to colon epithelium renewal.

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Quantification of Colonic Stem Cell Mutations
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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Stem cell dynamics are crucial for tissue homeostasis and are often studied using lineage tracing.
  • Retrospective lineage tracing from somatic mutations offers a marker-independent approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a novel microsatellite mutation-based lineage tracing method to study mouse colon stem cell dynamics.
  • To investigate crypt clonality, maintenance, and progenitor cell origins without relying on stem cell markers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and validated a retrospective cell lineage reconstruction method using somatic microsatellite mutations.
  • Applied the method to adult mouse colon tissue to analyze cell lineage trees and mutation accumulation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed colon crypts are monoclonal and maintained by monoclonal conversion throughout adulthood.
  • Validated the absence of an immortal strand mechanism in colon stem cells via age-dependent mutation accumulation.
  • Demonstrated spatial clustering of crypts correlates with lineage proximity, indicating domain structure.
  • Showed colon epithelium segregates from hematopoietic cells, suggesting limited adult stem cell contribution from hematopoietic sources.

Conclusions:

  • Cell lineage reconstruction from somatic mutations is a reliable method for studying stem cell dynamics in vivo.
  • The study provides new insights into colon stem cell behavior, crypt maintenance, and progenitor origins.
  • The developed method has potential applications for studying stem cell dynamics in other biological systems.