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Related Concept Videos

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells
10:27

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells

Published on: September 10, 2018

GM-CSF signalling boosts dramatically IL-1 production.

Hanif Javanmard Khameneh1, Siti Aminah Bte Mohammad Isa, Lin Min

  • 1Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, Singapore.

Plos One
|August 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a key regulator of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) secretion. This finding reveals GM-CSF as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory conditions.

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Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact
11:29

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Published on: July 17, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells
10:27

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells

Published on: September 10, 2018

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact
11:29

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Published on: July 17, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is primarily known for its roles in myeloid cell development and immune response enhancement.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying GM-CSF's functions are not fully understood.
  • Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a critical mediator of innate immunity and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the novel role of GM-CSF in regulating IL-1β secretion.
  • To elucidate the molecular pathways through which GM-CSF influences IL-1β release.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated IL-1β secretion in the presence and absence of GM-CSF.
  • Analyzed the impact of GM-CSF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-stimulation on pro-IL-1β production and NF-κB signaling.
  • Examined the expression of Rab39a, a GTPase involved in IL-1β secretion.
  • Assessed the in vivo role of GM-CSF in LPS-induced septic shock using GM-CSF receptor knockout (GM-CSF R-/-) mice.

Main Results:

  • IL-1β secretion is significantly dependent on GM-CSF signaling; its absence leads to weak IL-1β release.
  • GM-CSF synergizes with LPS to enhance pro-IL-1β production, primarily by strengthening NF-κB signaling.
  • Co-stimulation with LPS and GM-CSF markedly increases Rab39a expression, suggesting a role in IL-1β exocytosis.
  • GM-CSF R-/- mice exhibit reduced susceptibility to LPS-mediated septic shock, confirming GM-CSF's in vivo role.

Conclusions:

  • GM-CSF is identified as a crucial regulator of IL-1β production and secretion.
  • The study highlights a previously unrecognized function of GM-CSF in innate immunity.
  • GM-CSF emerges as a potential therapeutic target for modulating inflammatory responses and sepsis.