[Cytogenetics role in pediatrics]

Cytogenetics has led to the discovery of multiple chromosomal anomalies associated with mental retardation and hemato-oncologic diseases. From the beginning till now, and with the contribution of the molecular biology, there has been an improvement of the classic cytogenetics, that allow cytogenetists to perform a more precise diagnosis. The present study briefly describe classic and molecular cytogenetic techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, and the application to clinic pediatrics diagnosis.