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Holoenzyme DNA polymerase III fixes mutations.

S K Bryan1, M Hagensee, R E Moses

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.

Mutation Research
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is essential for fixing mutations after DNA damage. Its absence, particularly the alpha-subunit, prevents mutagenesis, indicating its critical role in genome stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA polymerase III is crucial for chromosomal DNA replication and repair.
  • The role of DNA polymerase III in mutagenesis following DNA damage is not fully understood.
  • DNA polymerase I can also participate in DNA replication under certain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the requirement of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, specifically its alpha-subunit, for mutagenesis after DNA damage.
  • To determine if DNA polymerase II activity influences this process.
  • To explore the transition of the replicative apparatus between DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing temperature-sensitive mutations (dnaE) in DNA polymerase III and pcbA1 mutations affecting DNA polymerase I activity.
  • Shifting bacterial cells to restrictive temperatures to inactivate specific DNA polymerases.
  • Monitoring mutagenesis rates and replication viability under different polymerase activities.

Main Results:

  • DNA polymerase III is essential for mutagenesis post-DNA damage, irrespective of DNA polymerase II presence.
  • Inactivation of the DNA polymerase III alpha-subunit leads to lethality.
  • Cells with pcbA1 mutations show a rapid decrease in mutagenesis upon shift to restrictive temperatures, suggesting a switch to DNA polymerase I.
  • DNA polymerase I-dependent replication is sensitive to coumermycin A1.

Conclusions:

  • DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, including the alpha-subunit, is indispensable for fixing mutations in the genome.
  • A functional switch from DNA polymerase III to DNA polymerase I can occur during replication under specific cellular conditions.
  • The study highlights the distinct roles of DNA polymerases in maintaining genome integrity.

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