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Dermatophytosis of the scalp: incidence, immune response, and epidemiology
D E Babel1, A L Rogers, E S Beneke
1Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202.
Abstract:
Tinea capitis remains a common infection among the pediatric population of North America. The 'gray patch' Microsporum audouinii infections of the 1950's have been supplanted by the 'black dot' ringworm of Trichophyton tonsurans. The clinical presentation of T. tonsurans infection is quite variable and may be related to specific host T-lymphocyte response. This dermatophytosis is most frequently incurred from contact with an infected child either directly or via a variety of fomites. Current studies indicate that an asymptomatic adult carrier state may also exist which could contribute to the morbidity of this mycosis.
Insights
Tinea capitis, a common pediatric fungal infection, is now primarily caused by Trichophyton tonsurans, often spread through direct contact or contaminated objects. Asymptomatic adult carriers may also contribute to its spread.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Mycology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Tinea capitis is a prevalent fungal infection in North American children.
- Microsporum audouinii, historically dominant, has been replaced by Trichophyton tonsurans.
- The 'black dot' ringworm presentation is now more common.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the changing epidemiology of Tinea capitis in North America.
- To highlight the clinical variability of Trichophyton tonsurans infections.
- To discuss transmission routes and potential asymptomatic carrier states.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Tinea capitis epidemiology.
- Clinical case analysis of Trichophyton tonsurans presentations.
- Discussion of host-pathogen interactions.
Main Results:
- Trichophyton tonsurans is the predominant cause of pediatric Tinea capitis.
- Clinical manifestations of T. tonsurans infection are diverse.
- Direct contact and fomites are primary transmission sources.
Conclusions:
- Tinea capitis epidemiology has shifted towards Trichophyton tonsurans.
- Understanding host immune response may explain clinical variability.
- Asymptomatic adult carriage is a potential factor in disease spread.