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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
12:50

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

Published on: September 26, 2017

Tracking nonpoint source nitrogen pollution in human-impacted watersheds.

Sujay S Kaushal1, Peter M Groffman, Lawrence E Band

  • 1Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park , 5825 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States. skaushal@umd.edu

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonpoint source nitrogen pollution impacts U.S. water quality. This study used watershed analysis and stable isotopes to track nitrogen sources and transformations, revealing how different land uses and storm events affect nitrogen export.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

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12:44

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Published on: August 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Nonpoint source nitrogen (N) pollution is a major cause of water quality degradation in the United States.
  • Understanding the sources and pathways of N is crucial for effective water resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fate and transport of nonpoint N in diverse watersheds (forest, agricultural, urban) using integrated methods.
  • To identify and quantify N sources, including atmospheric deposition, wastewater, and fertilizers, and their susceptibility to export.

Main Methods:

  • Combined watershed N mass balances with stable isotope analysis (δ(15)N-NO(3)(-) and δ(18)O-NO(3)(-)).
  • Studied watersheds at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site, encompassing forest, agricultural, and urban land uses.
  • Analyzed N transformations within a storm drain system.

Main Results:

  • Nitrogen retention varied by watershed type: 55% (agricultural), 68% (suburban), and 82% (forest).
  • Wastewater was a key nitrate source in urban streams during baseflow; mixing of atmospheric deposition and wastewater occurred in urban watersheds.
  • Nitrate sources shifted with storm magnitude, with atmospheric sources contributing significantly during peak loads. Denitrification reduced N from septic systems and agriculture, but not from leaking sewers.

Conclusions:

  • Nonpoint N sources exhibit varying susceptibility to watershed export, influenced by land use and hydrological conditions.
  • Nitrate sources dynamically change with runoff intensity, necessitating adaptive management strategies for nonpoint N pollution.
  • Understanding N source contributions and transformations under different runoff scenarios is critical for mitigating water quality impairments.