Primary xanthoma of the mandible

Area of Science:

• Oral Pathology
• Dermatopathology
• Oncology

Background:

• Bone xanthomas are uncommon, typically linked to metabolic or endocrine disorders, primarily lipid abnormalities.
• Primary xanthomas occur independently of systemic diseases, with primary mandibular xanthomas being exceptionally rare.
• This report details a case of primary mandibular xanthoma, exploring its clinical, radiographic, and pathological features.

Observation:

• A 25-year-old male presented with a mandibular lesion discovered during a routine radiographic examination.
• Radiographic analysis revealed a diffuse, unilocular, radiolucent lesion with irregular margins near the third molar's root.
• Histopathological examination showed foamy and granular cells consistent with xanthomatous macrophages.

Findings:

• The patient had no diagnosed lipid disorders, supporting a diagnosis of primary xanthoma.
• The lesion was surgically excised under local anesthesia.
• Microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of xanthomatous cells.

Implications:

• Primary mandibular xanthomas are exceedingly rare, exclusively affecting the mandible.
• Accurate diagnosis requires differentiating from other jaw lesions and ruling out systemic conditions.
• This case contributes to understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these rare jaw lesions.