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Classical conditioning through auditory stimuli in Drosophila: methods and models.

Gil Menda1, Haim Y Bar, Ben J Arthur

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|August 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) can learn to associate sounds with rewards, demonstrating a new method for studying fly learning and hearing. This acoustic conditioning offers an alternative to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • The role of sound in Drosophila melanogaster courtship and auditory perception via antennae is known.
  • Drosophila melanogaster exhibit learning capabilities in classical conditioning paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of neutral acoustic stimuli paired with sucrose reward for appetitive conditioning in Drosophila.
  • To compare acoustic appetitive conditioning with traditional chemical aversive conditioning.
  • To develop a quantitative model for predicting learning dynamics in Drosophila.

Main Methods:

  • Appetitive conditioning using a neutral acoustic stimulus and sucrose reward to elicit the proboscis-extension reflex.
  • Application of a logistic model with generalized estimating equations to analyze learning dynamics.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

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  • Assessment of hearing in both sexes, independent of courtship behavior.

    • Main Results:

    • Acoustic stimuli successfully conditioned the proboscis-extension reflex in Drosophila.
    • The logistic model accurately predicted training outcomes and provided a quantitative learning rate.
    • This method offers an alternative to established learning and memory models in Drosophila.

    Conclusions:

    • Acoustic appetitive conditioning is a viable alternative to traditional methods for studying Drosophila learning and memory.
    • This approach provides a novel means to assess auditory function in Drosophila, irrespective of sexual behavior.