Potential of interferometric cantilever detection and its application for SFM/AFM in liquids

We have developed an optical cantilever deflection detector with a spot size <3 µm and fm Hz(-1/2) sensitivity over a>10 MHz bandwidth. In this work, we demonstrate its potential for detecting small-amplitude oscillations of various flexural and torsional oscillation modes of cantilevers. The high deflection sensitivity of the interferometer is particularly useful for detecting cantilever oscillations in aqueous solutions, enabling us to reach the thermal noise limit in scanning or atomic force microscopy experiments with stiff cantilevers. This has resulted in atomic-resolution images of solid-liquid interfaces and submolecular-resolution images of native membranes.