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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Isotope Geochemistry
  • Mantle Petrology

Background:

  • Ocean island volcanism is explained by oceanic crust recycling via subduction and mantle plumes.
  • Dating this recycling is crucial for understanding mantle circulation rates.
  • Previous dating methods using lead and Re-Os isotopes have limitations due to mixing and rhenium mobility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the timescale of oceanic crust recycling in mantle plumes.
  • To determine the age of subducted oceanic crust contributing to Hawaiian volcanism.
  • To refine estimates of mantle circulation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of strontium-87/strontium-86 ((87)Sr/(86)Sr) ratios in 138 melt inclusions from Mauna Loa olivine phenocrysts.
  • Comparison of isotopic compositions with seawater and ancient crustal signatures.
  • Modeling of isotopic data to infer source contamination and age.

Main Results:

  • Enormous mantle source heterogeneity was identified in Mauna Loa lavas.
  • Highly radiogenic strontium in depleted melt inclusions matches 200-650-million-year-old seawater.
  • This indicates seawater contamination of the Mauna Loa source rock prior to subduction.

Conclusions:

  • Seawater contamination provides a 'time stamp' for subducted oceanic crust.
  • The presence of 200-650-million-year-old oceanic crust implies faster mantle circulation.
  • Average mantle circulation rates are estimated at approximately 2 (±1) cm/yr, faster than previously thought.