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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Harmonic Radar Tags for Insect Tracking: Lightweight, Low-cost, and Accessible
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Harmonic Radar Tags for Insect Tracking: Lightweight, Low-cost, and Accessible

Published on: May 13, 2025

Terahertz encoding approach for secured chipless radio frequency identification.

Maxime Bernier1, Frederic Garet, Etienne Perret

  • 1Grenoble-INP/LCIS, Valence, France. maxime.bernier3@usherbrooke.ca

Applied Optics
|August 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new chipless tags for encoding digital data using terahertz waves. These multilayer tags offer enhanced data security by encoding information within their volume, unlike surface-encoded methods.

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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Harmonic Radar Tags for Insect Tracking: Lightweight, Low-cost, and Accessible
14:44

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Published on: May 13, 2025

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Traditional identification techniques like barcodes and RFID encode data on the surface.
  • There is a need for enhanced data security in identification systems.
  • Terahertz (THz) domain offers unique properties for novel data encoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel family of chipless tags for digital data encoding.
  • To explore the encoding of data within the volume of multilayer terahertz tags.
  • To demonstrate enhanced data security by integrating volume-encoded tags with surface-encoded techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of multilayer dielectric media with thicknesses comparable to THz wavelengths.
  • Theoretical study of the data encoding principle in the terahertz domain.
  • Experimental validation of the encoding approach using a 2-bit tag prototype.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of a new chipless tag concept for terahertz data encoding.
  • Experimental realization and measurement of a 2-bit tag prototype.
  • Validation of the principle for encoding digital data within the volume of the tags.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multilayer terahertz tags enable volume-based data encoding.
  • These tags can be integrated with existing identification methods to improve data security.
  • The study experimentally validates the feasibility of this novel terahertz identification approach.