Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gain01:15

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
Basic Operations on Signals01:22

Basic Operations on Signals

Basic signal operations include time reversal, time scaling, time shifting, and amplitude transformations. These operations are fundamental in signal processing and analysis.
Time Reversal mirrors a continuous-time signal about the vertical axis at t=0. This is achieved by substituting t with −t. For example, if a signal x(t) is considered, the time-reversed signal is x(−t). This operation can be graphically represented, showing the mirrored signal.
Time-Series Graph00:54

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct a time-series graph, one must look at both pieces of a paired data set. The horizontal axis is used to plot the time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that one is measuring. By using the axes in this way, each point on the graph will correspond to time and a measured quantity. The points on the graph...
Histogram01:05

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data represents (for instance, distance from your home to school). The vertical y-axis is labeled either frequency or relative frequency (or percent frequency or probability).
A histogram graph consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. The heights of the bars correspond to frequency values. The graph will have the same shape with respective labels. The...
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
Properties of Laplace Transform-II01:16

Properties of Laplace Transform-II

Time differentiation, convolution, integration, and periodicity are fundamental concepts in analyzing functions and signals over time. Each concept provides a unique perspective on how functions evolve, interact, and repeat, offering essential tools for various scientific and engineering applications.
Time differentiation involves analyzing the rate of change of a function over time. Mathematically, it is the derivative of a function with respect to time. This concept can be likened to tracking...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The contribution of magnocellular selective adaptation to spatial distance compression.

Vision research·2025
Same author

The precision test of metacognitive sensitivity and confidence criteria.

Consciousness and cognition·2024
Same author

Measuring the perception and metacognition of time.

Journal of vision·2024
Same author

Event Probabilities Have a Different Impact on Early and Late Electroencephalographic Measures Regarded as Metrics of Prediction.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2023
Same author

Predictive extrapolation effects can have a greater impact on visual decisions, while visual adaptation has a greater impact on conscious visual experience.

Consciousness and cognition·2023
Same author

Different rules for binocular combination of luminance flicker in cortical and subcortical pathways.

eLife·2023
Same journal

Characterizing facilitators and barriers to Hypoglycemic Confidence among patients with diabetes: a qualitative descriptive study.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Psychometric evaluation and refinement of the 7DHW questionnaire for the German population.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Ethical leadership and workplace equity: mediating and moderating mechanisms in emotional labor and well-being.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

How organizational support promotes teacher professional recognition: a perspective on teachers' autonomous learning and teaching abilities.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

From "performance competition arena" to "psychological exemption zone": psychological safety mechanisms in reverse mobility.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

General and sport-specific mental toughness in university students: associations with personality traits and physical activity.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice
09:28

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

Published on: June 23, 2023

Contrast gain shapes visual time.

Aurelio Bruno1, Alan Johnston

  • 1Department of Cognition, Perception and Brain Sciences, University College London London, UK.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual contrast adaptation in the retina alters perceived time duration. Fast adaptation to high contrast compresses perceived time, suggesting the magnocellular pathway

Keywords:
contrast gainmagnocellular pathwayperceived durationshort-term adaptation

More Related Videos

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes
06:25

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Published on: February 23, 2024

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice
09:28

Quantification of Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

Published on: June 23, 2023

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes
06:25

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes

Published on: February 23, 2024

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Time perception was traditionally viewed as a central cognitive process.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a distributed system involving modality-specific sensory inputs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether retinal fast contrast adaptation influences perceived duration.
  • To explore the role of specific visual pathways in temporal encoding.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed drifting luminance contrast patterns.
  • Apparent duration was measured following adaptation to high (90%) or low (10%) contrast intervals.
  • Effects were analyzed across different temporal frequencies and stimulus types (luminance vs. chromatic).

Main Results:

  • Fast contrast adaptation in the retina significantly compressed perceived duration.
  • Temporal compression occurred specifically after high contrast adaptation, not low contrast.
  • The effect was linked to high drift temporal frequencies (≥10 Hz) and retinocentric processing, implicating the magnocellular pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal contrast adaptation is a key factor influencing visual time perception.
  • The magnocellular visual pathway plays a critical role in the neural representation of visual time.
  • Time perception is not solely a central cognitive function but involves sensory-specific mechanisms.