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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

Modeling enzymatic kinetic pathways for ring-opening lactone polymerization.

Peter M Johnson1, Santanu Kundu, Kathryn L Beers

  • 1Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.

Biomacromolecules
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new kinetic model unifies enzyme-catalyzed polymerization and degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone). It accurately predicts molecular mass distribution and monomer conversion, highlighting water

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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Published on: November 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biocatalysis
  • Enzyme Kinetics

Background:

  • Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a widely used biodegradable polyester.
  • Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and degradation of PCL offer sustainable alternatives.
  • Understanding the kinetics of these processes is crucial for controlling polymer properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified kinetic model for enzyme-catalyzed PCL polymerization and degradation.
  • To predict monomer conversion and molecular mass distribution over time.
  • To identify key factors influencing PCL chain length and reaction outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a comprehensive kinetic model.
  • Tracking of enzyme-bound and solution-phase polymer chains.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental data for PCL polymerization.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully predicts monomer conversion and molecular mass distribution.
  • Ring-opening rates and water concentration are identified as critical control parameters.
  • Water concentration significantly influences the equilibrium between propagation and degradation.

Conclusions:

  • The unified kinetic model provides a framework for understanding PCL enzymatic reactions.
  • Model predictions align with experimental observations for polymerization.
  • The model can guide future experiments to optimize enzyme-catalyzed PCL synthesis and degradation.