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Related Concept Videos

Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice
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Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice

Published on: May 8, 2017

Spinosad: in pediculosis capitis.

Paul L McCormack1

  • 1Adis, a Wolters Kluwer Business, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Spinosad 0.9% suspension effectively treats head lice (pediculosis capitis), including resistant strains and eggs. This topical treatment offers a safe and superior alternative to permethrin, often requiring only one application for complete eradication.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Dermatology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Head lice infestation (pediculosis capitis) is a common public health concern.
  • Permethrin resistance in head lice necessitates the development of alternative treatments.
  • Spinosad is a naturally derived pediculicide with a novel mechanism of action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical spinosad 0.9% suspension for treating head lice.
  • To compare spinosad 0.9% with permethrin 1% in head lice eradication.
  • To assess the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of spinosad.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized, evaluator-blind, multicenter clinical trials were conducted.
  • Participants received either topical spinosad 0.9% without nit combing or permethrin 1% with nit combing.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

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  • Efficacy was assessed by head lice eradication at 14 days post-treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Spinosad 0.9% was significantly more effective than permethrin 1% in eradicating head lice.
    • A single treatment of spinosad 0.9% was sufficient for most subjects, unlike permethrin which often required two treatments.
    • Spinosad 0.9% demonstrated ovicidal and larvicidal activity, killing both lice and their eggs.
    • Systemic absorption was undetectable after topical application.
    • Spinosad was well-tolerated, with cutaneous and ocular irritation being the most common adverse events.

    Conclusions:

    • Topical spinosad 0.9% suspension is a highly effective and safe treatment for head lice infestation.
    • Spinosad offers a significant advantage over permethrin, particularly against resistant lice populations and with fewer required treatments.
    • The ovicidal properties of spinosad further enhance its utility in controlling pediculosis capitis.