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Movement disorder emergencies in childhood.

F J Kirkham1, P Haywood, P Kashyape

  • 1Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. fk@soton.ac.uk

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study categorizes acute-onset movement disorders in children into psychogenic, inflammatory/autoimmune, and non-inflammatory groups. Early diagnosis is crucial for potentially treatable inflammatory conditions, though outcomes vary.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Movement Disorders
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Literature on pediatric acute-onset movement disorders is fragmented.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies is essential for effective management.

Observation:

  • A prospective cohort of 52 children with acute movement disorders was studied.
  • Common disorders included chorea, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, and Parkinsonism.
  • Three main etiological groups were identified: psychogenic, inflammatory/autoimmune, and non-inflammatory.

Findings:

  • Psychogenic disorders (12 children) were more common in older females, presenting with tremor and myoclonus.
  • Inflammatory/autoimmune disorders (22 children) encompassed conditions like N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis and Sydenham chorea.
  • Non-inflammatory disorders (18 children) included drug-induced, metabolic, vascular, and secondary movement disorders.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of treatable inflammatory/autoimmune conditions is critical, despite weak evidence.
  • Management strategies vary significantly based on the underlying etiology.
  • Variable outcomes highlight the need for further research and improved diagnostic approaches.