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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
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A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: April 25, 2015

Bacterial transcriptomics: what is beyond the RNA horiz-ome?

Marc Güell1, Eva Yus, Maria Lluch-Senar

  • 1Centre for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Av. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial transcriptomics reveals a complex transcriptome with alternative transcripts and regulatory small RNAs. These

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Bacterial transcriptomics has recently advanced due to increased sequencing capacity and new tools.
  • This has led to a deeper understanding of the bacterial transcriptome, revealing unexpected complexity and dynamism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the recent revolution in bacterial transcriptomics.
  • To highlight discoveries regarding transcriptome complexity, regulation, and spatial organization.
  • To explore the impact of 'omics' approaches on these advancements.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequencing technologies.
  • 'Omics' approaches, including transcriptomics.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of large-scale sequencing data.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of alternative transcripts within bacterial operons, challenging classical definitions.
  • Identification of numerous small RNAs regulating transcription, translation, and pathogenesis.
  • Evidence for mRNA localization, chromosomal organization, and DNA epigenetic modifications influencing transcription.
  • Demonstration that bacterial transcription complexity rivals that of eukaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances in 'omics' have significantly deepened our understanding of bacterial transcription.
  • The bacterial transcriptome is far more complex and dynamic than previously understood.
  • 'Omics' approaches are crucial for future discoveries in bacterial gene regulation and function.