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Related Concept Videos

Cycloalkanes02:28

Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding acyclic alkane; therefore, their general formula is CnH2n. The structural formulas of cycloalkanes are simplified using the line-angle representation. The regular polygons are used to represent the cycloalkane rings, with each side representing a carbon-carbon bond.
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

Cyclo-benzaprinium salicylate.

Hoong-Kun Fun, Chin Sing Yeap, M S Siddegowda

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |August 13, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a molecular salt, revealing specific angles between benzene rings in the cyclobenzaprinium cation and hydrogen bonding interactions between the cation and anion.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Molecular salts are crucial in various chemical applications.
    • Understanding crystal structures provides insights into intermolecular forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the crystal structure of the molecular salt 3-(5H-di-benzo[a,d]cyclo-hepten-5-yl-idene)-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanaminium 2-hydroxy-benzoate.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed.
    • The crystal structure was solved and refined.

    Main Results:

    • The dihedral angle between the benzene rings of the cyclobenzaprinium cation was determined to be 61.66(7)°.

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  • An intramolecular hydrogen bond (O-H⋯O) was observed in the salicylate anion, forming an S(6) ring.
  • An intermolecular N-H⋯O interaction links the cyclobenzaprinium cation and the salicylate anion in the crystal.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure reveals specific geometric arrangements and hydrogen bonding patterns.
    • These interactions dictate the packing and properties of the molecular salt.