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Phosphate Buffer

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

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Published on: April 3, 2014

Ammonium O,O'-diethyl dithio-phosphate.

Andrzej Okuniewski¹, Barbara Becker

¹Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|August 13, 2011

Summary

This study details the crystal structure of ammonium O,O-diethyl dithio-phosphate. It reveals a 3D structure formed by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces between ammonium cations and dithio-phosphate anions.

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Area of Science:

Crystal chemistry
Supramolecular chemistry
Materials science

Background:

Understanding the self-assembly of ionic compounds is crucial for designing new materials.
Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces are key non-covalent interactions dictating crystal packing.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of ammonium O,O-diethyl dithio-phosphate.
To analyze the role of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces in the compound's three-dimensional architecture.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of hydrogen bonding (N-H⋯S) and van der Waals interactions was performed.

Main Results:

The crystal structure consists of ammonium cations and O,O-diethyl dithio-phosphate anions arranged in layers parallel to the (100) plane.
Four charge-assisted N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link each ammonium cation to four dithio-phosphate anions.
Alternating stacking of polar and non-polar constituents within layers and inter-lacing ethyl groups form a 3D supramolecular network via van der Waals forces.

Conclusions:

The compound exhibits a layered structure stabilized by strong hydrogen bonds.
Van der Waals interactions between ethyl groups are essential for forming the final three-dimensional crystal structure.
This detailed structural analysis provides insights into the supramolecular assembly of dithio-phosphate salts.