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Isolating stromal stem cells from periodontal granulation tissues.

Tzu-Yuan Hung1, Hsiang-Chun Lin, Ying-Jen Chan

  • 1Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

Clinical Oral Investigations
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Multipotent stromal stem cells were isolated from human periodontal granulation tissues, demonstrating their potential for regenerative medicine. These cells significantly enhanced bone healing in mice, offering a promising source for autotransplantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Periodontal Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Periodontal granulation tissues are often discarded during conventional surgery.
  • Stromal stem cells offer potential for regenerative therapies.
  • Utilizing patient-specific tissues avoids donor site morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the isolation and characterization of multipotent stromal stem cells from human periodontal granulation tissues.
  • To evaluate the potential of these cells in promoting bone regeneration in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Human periodontal granulation tissue samples were obtained from intrabony defects.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry were used to identify STRO-1+ mesenchymal stem cells.

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  • Colony formation unit-fibroblast (CFU-f) assays, in vitro differentiation, and in vivo critical-size defect repair in mice were performed.

    • Main Results:

    • STRO-1 positive cells were identified by IHC (5.91 ± 1.50%) and flow cytometry (6.70 ± 0.81%).
    • Isolated cells exhibited multipotency in vitro and significantly enhanced new bone formation in mouse calvarial defects in vivo.
    • Approximately two-thirds of CFU-f colonies showed strong STRO-1 expression.

    Conclusions:

    • Human periodontal granulation tissues contain isolatable multipotent stromal stem cells.
    • These cells demonstrate efficacy in promoting bone regeneration, suggesting potential for autotransplantation.
    • This approach offers a clinically advantageous method for obtaining stem cells without additional surgical procedures.