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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

[Current and practice-relevant news from pediatric urology].

R Stein1, A Schröder, M Goepel

  • 1Abteilung Kinderurologie, Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, Germany. raimund.stein@unimedizin-mainz.de

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

High-quality randomized trials are crucial for evidence-based medicine but challenging in pediatric urology. Recent studies and guidelines address key pediatric urology topics, providing data for clinical decisions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology Research
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Context:

  • Conducting high-quality, prospective randomized trials is essential for evidence-based medicine.
  • Initiating and performing such studies presents unique challenges within pediatric urology.

Purpose:

  • To review recent advancements and available data in pediatric urology research.
  • To highlight the challenges and progress in establishing evidence-based practices in the field.

Summary:

  • Several randomized studies have been published recently concerning pediatric vesicoureteral reflux, stone treatment, and urinary incontinence.
  • Guidelines for vesicoureteral reflux and phimosis have been issued.
  • Up-to-date data on undescended testicles and hypospadias correction are available, informing clinical practice.

Impact:

  • Facilitates informed clinical decision-making in pediatric urology.
  • Contributes to the establishment of robust evidence-based guidelines for common pediatric urological conditions.
  • Highlights areas of progress and ongoing challenges in pediatric urology research methodology.