Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026
09:28
Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
Published on: May 12, 2019
[Urothelial carcinoma]
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany. herbert.ruebben@uni-duisburg-essen.de
Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|August 13, 2011
Summary
The 2004 WHO classification redefines bladder cancer grading, distinguishing low-grade and high-grade urothelial carcinomas. For muscle-invasive cases, radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection remains the current standard of care.
Area of Science:
- Uro-oncology
- Cancer Genomics
- Pathology
Context:
- The 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of bladder cancer is under revision by study groups.
- Previous grading systems (G1, G2, G3) are being replaced.
- This impacts the categorization of urothelial carcinomas.
Purpose:
- To discuss the implications of the 2004 WHO classification for bladder cancer grading.
- To highlight the shift towards genetic stability/instability in classifying non-muscle-invasive tumors.
- To provide current recommendations for muscle-invasive bladder cancer management.
Summary:
- Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is now classified into genetically stable low-grade and genetically unstable high-grade urothelial carcinomas, replacing older differentiation grades.
- Muscle-invasive bladder cancer management continues to recommend radical cystectomy with extended lymph node dissection as the standard approach.
Impact:
- This revised classification aids in more precise prognostication and treatment stratification.
- Standardizing the approach for muscle-invasive bladder cancer ensures consistent patient care.
- Facilitates research into targeted therapies based on genetic profiles.
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