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Dementia l: Introduction01:22

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

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Published on: November 6, 2017

Appropriation and dementia in India.

Bianca Brijnath1, Lenore Manderson

  • 1Department of General Practice, School of Primary Care, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Notting Hill, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia. bianca.brijnath@monash.edu

Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and dementia diagnoses help integrate clinical categories into Indian social understandings of illness and care. This process involves shifts from socio-cultural to bio-social and socio-ecological explanations, blending biomedical and local knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Anthropology
  • Sociology of Health and Illness
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Biomedical technologies like MRI scans enable visualization of pathology for dementia patients and carers.
  • Diagnosis of dementia introduces a clinical category into social understandings of illness and care in India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how the clinical category of dementia is incorporated into Indian cultural contexts.
  • To elucidate the interplay between biomedical knowledge and local understandings of illness and care.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of interpretive and syncretic processes.
  • Examination of shifts in etiological frameworks from socio-cultural to bio-social and socio-ecological models.

Main Results:

  • MRI and dementia diagnosis facilitate the integration of 'dementia' into social understandings of illness and care in India.
  • Families and providers navigate complex shifts in explaining causality, moving towards bio-social and socio-ecological frameworks.
  • Both biomedicalization and localization of illness occur as dementia is incorporated into local contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals how dementia is absorbed and appropriated within Indian cultural contexts through the operationalization of a dialectic between biomedical and local knowledge.
  • Understanding this dialectic offers insights into the cultural adaptation of biomedical categories in diverse global settings.