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Related Concept Videos

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination01:27

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction01:15

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the bromine molecule...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

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A Facile Synthetic Method to Obtain Bismuth Oxyiodide Microspheres Highly Functional for the Photocatalytic Processes of Water Depuration
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Environmentally friendly organic synthesis using bismuth(III) compounds.

Scott W Krabbe1, Ram S Mohan

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.

Topics in Current Chemistry
|August 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmentally friendly organic synthesis is crucial. Bismuth(III) compounds offer a "green" alternative, serving as nontoxic, stable, and easy-to-handle catalysts for various reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Green chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Organic synthesis

Background:

  • Growing environmental concerns necessitate sustainable chemical processes.
  • Bismuth(III) compounds are emerging as environmentally benign alternatives in synthesis.
  • Their favorable properties include low toxicity, stability, and ease of handling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present recent advancements in utilizing bismuth(III) compounds as catalysts.
  • To highlight the laboratory's contributions over the past five years.
  • To underscore the role of bismuth(III) in green organic synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory's published research on bismuth(III) catalysis.
  • Focus on applications in organic synthesis.
  • Analysis of catalytic efficiency and environmental impact.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated versatility of bismuth(III) compounds in various organic transformations.
  • Highlighted the catalytic activity and selectivity of bismuth(III) reagents.
  • Showcased the practical advantages of using bismuth(III) catalysts in synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Bismuth(III) compounds are effective and sustainable catalysts for organic synthesis.
  • Their application aligns with the principles of green chemistry.
  • Further exploration of bismuth(III) catalysis is warranted for environmentally friendly chemical production.