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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy
10:57

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy

Published on: November 11, 2025

Binding-activated localization microscopy of DNA structures.

Ingmar Schoen1, Jonas Ries, Enrico Klotzsch

  • 1Laboratory for Biologically Oriented Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. ingmar.schoen@mat.ethz.ch

Nano Letters
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed binding-activated localization microscopy (BALM) to visualize DNA organization. This superresolution technique achieves ~14 nm resolution by tracking individual dye binding events to double-stranded DNA.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid stains exhibit fluorescence enhancement upon binding to double-stranded DNA.
  • Superresolution microscopy requires precise localization of fluorescent signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a superresolution microscopy technique based on the fluorescence enhancement of DNA-binding dyes.
  • To visualize the spatial organization of the bacterial chromosome with nanoscale resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dynamic labeling scheme with bright fluorophores.
  • Applied binding-activated localization microscopy (BALM) to fixed Escherichia coli cells.
  • Achieved superresolution by localizing individual dye binding events to DNA.

Main Results:

  • Reached a resolution of approximately 14 nm (full width at half maximum).
  • Obtained a spatial sampling of 1/nm.
  • Successfully visualized the organization of the bacterial chromosome.

Conclusions:

  • Binding-activated localization microscopy (BALM) enables superresolution imaging of DNA.
  • The BALM principle is adaptable to other fluorescent dyes and molecular targets, including proteins.