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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

Charge-state conditional operation of a spin qubit.

I van Weperen1, B D Armstrong, E A Laird

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We demonstrate coherent control of a singlet-triplet qubit using an adjacent double quantum dot. This four-dot system enables fast conditional gate operations for two-qubit logic, advancing singlet-triplet spin qubit development.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Singlet-triplet qubits are promising candidates for quantum computation.
  • Efficient control mechanisms are crucial for scaling quantum processors.
  • Two-qubit gates are essential for building universal quantum computers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate coherent operation of a singlet-triplet qubit.
  • To investigate the use of an adjacent double quantum dot for qubit control.
  • To enable fast conditional gate operations for two-qubit logic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a four-dot system with electrostatically coupled quantum dots.
  • Controlling a singlet-triplet qubit via electron spatial arrangement.
  • Extracting capacitive coupling strength between qubit and control dots.

Main Results:

  • Achieved coherent operation of the singlet-triplet qubit.
  • Demonstrated fast conditional gate operation using the specific four-dot geometry.
  • Quantified the capacitive coupling, confirming its suitability for gate operations.

Conclusions:

  • The reported device geometry facilitates efficient two-qubit operations.
  • This work paves the way for implementing a universal set of gates for singlet-triplet spin qubits.
  • Advances in qubit control are critical for the realization of scalable quantum computers.