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Updated: May 30, 2026
05:52
Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
Tardive dyskinesia and deficit schizophrenia
S Telfer1, S Shivashankar, R Krishnadas
1Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK. s.telfer@nhs.net
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|August 16, 2011
Summary
Patients with deficit schizophrenia, characterized by primary negative symptoms, have a higher likelihood of developing tardive dyskinesia (TD). This suggests a link between the underlying pathology of deficit schizophrenia and TD predisposition.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Neurology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder associated with antipsychotic use.
- The relationship between negative symptoms in schizophrenia and TD is not fully understood.
- Deficit schizophrenia is defined by primary negative symptoms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if patients with deficit schizophrenia are more prone to developing TD compared to those with non-deficit schizophrenia.
- To clarify the association between primary negative symptoms and TD.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 131 schizophrenia patients in Southwest Scotland was assessed.
- Patients were categorized into deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia groups.
- TD, akathisia, and extrapyramidal side effects were evaluated.
Main Results:
- 31 patients (23.7%) had deficit schizophrenia, and 100 (76.3%) had non-deficit schizophrenia.
- No significant differences in age, antipsychotic exposure, or illness duration were found between groups.
- A significant association was observed between deficit features and TD (OR = 2.97, P = 0.009).
Conclusions:
- The findings support the hypothesis that deficit schizophrenia predisposes individuals to TD.
- The pathological processes in deficit schizophrenia may increase TD risk.
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