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Related Concept Videos

The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
08:49

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

Engineering extracellular matrix structure in 3D multiphase tissues.

Brian M Gillette1, Ninna S Rossen, Nikkan Das

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Biomaterials
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered local variations in collagen fiber structure within 3D tissue scaffolds. This method controls extracellular matrix (ECM) density and fiber size for improved tissue engineering applications.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix
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Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment
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Microengineering 3D Collagen Hydrogels with Long-Range Fiber Alignment

Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibits microscale structural variations influencing cellular behavior.
  • Isotropic 3D matrices lack the local microenvironmental heterogeneity found in native tissues, limiting their utility in tissue engineering.
  • Precise control over ECM structure is crucial for replicating native tissue complexity and studying cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for engineering local variations in collagen fiber density and size within 3D tissue scaffolds.
  • To investigate the impact of collagen concentration and gelling temperature on collagen fiber structure in multiphase tissues.
  • To assess the interfacial adhesion strength of engineered multiphase tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered multiphase 3D tissues by controlling collagen concentrations and gelling temperatures.
  • Quantified collagen fiber structures in bulk ECM phases (mesh size, fiber width) and at tissue interfaces (fiber density, interface thickness).
  • Utilized a previously established tissue bonding technique to ensure interfacial adhesion.

Main Results:

  • Local variations in collagen fiber structure (mesh size, fiber width, density, thickness) were successfully engineered within multiphase tissues.
  • Collagen fiber structures were modulated by altering collagen concentrations and gelling temperatures.
  • Significant adhesion strength was confirmed at tissue interfaces across all tested conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a method to engineer collagen fiber structures throughout multiphase tissue scaffolds by leveraging collagen assembly principles.
  • Presented a novel approach to engineer local collagen structure, complementing existing techniques like flow alignment and electrospinning.
  • The engineered scaffolds offer enhanced control over the extracellular matrix microenvironment for advanced tissue engineering and cellular studies.