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Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide (Glucotrol),...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Licochalcone E has an antidiabetic effect.

Hong Gyu Park1, Eun Jung Bak, Gye-Hyeong Woo

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, BK21 Project, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Licochalcone E enhances adipocyte differentiation and improves diabetes in mice. This compound, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) partial agonist, may offer new therapeutic avenues for metabolic disorders.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and metabolic research
  • Natural product chemistry

Background:

  • Licochalcone E (lico E) is a retrochalcone from Glycyrrhiza inflata with diverse pharmacological activities.
  • Retrochalcones are known for anticancer, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antioxidative, and superoxide-scavenging properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of lico E on adipocyte differentiation in vitro.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of lico E in treating obesity-related diabetes in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies used 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C3H10T1/2 stem cells for adipogenesis assays.
  • In vivo studies utilized diet-induced diabetic mice treated with lico E for two weeks.
  • Assessed adipocyte differentiation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activity, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, adipocyte size, and gene/protein expression.

Main Results:

  • Lico E significantly induced adipocyte differentiation, especially during early stages.
  • Lico E demonstrated weak but significant PPARγ ligand-binding activity.
  • Treatment lowered blood glucose and triglyceride levels in diabetic mice.
  • Lico E reduced adipocyte size and increased PPARγ mRNA expression in white adipose tissue (WAT).
  • Lico E stimulated Akt signaling in epididymal WAT.

Conclusions:

  • Licochalcone E acts as a PPARγ partial agonist, increasing PPARγ expression partly through Akt signaling.
  • Enhanced PPARγ expression promotes adipocyte differentiation and the formation of small adipocytes.
  • These effects contribute to improvements in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic conditions.