Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A minimal transcription factor network is sufficient to drive paclitaxel biosynthesis.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Advanced Practice Providers in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A National Assessment Demonstrates Increasing Prevalence and Unique Practice Characteristics.

The Journal of arthroplasty·2026
Same author

Biomechanical evaluation of acromion and scapular spine fracture repair techniques systematic review.

JSES reviews, reports, and techniques·2026
Same author

A Key Role for S-Nitrosylation in Immune Regulation and Development in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.

Journal of experimental botany·2026
Same author

Declining Medicare Reimbursement for Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Comparison of Podiatrists and Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2014 to 2023.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same author

Declining Medicare reimbursement and income in primary total shoulder arthroplasty: a comparison of osteopathic and allopathic orthopedic surgeons, 2013-2023.

Journal of shoulder and elbow arthroplasty·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Versatile Method for Mounting Arabidopsis Leaves for Intravital Time-lapse Imaging
07:52

A Versatile Method for Mounting Arabidopsis Leaves for Intravital Time-lapse Imaging

Published on: February 11, 2019

Transcription dynamics in plant immunity.

John W Moore1, Gary J Loake, Steven H Spoel

  • 1Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom.

The Plant Cell
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Plant cells dynamically regulate gene transcription for development and environmental responses. Post-translational modifications and pulsed gene activation enable rapid, precise defense mechanisms against threats.

Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Eukaryotic transcription dynamics
  • Plant immunity

Background:

  • Plant cells utilize complex transcription programs for development and environmental responses.
  • Environmental stresses, like pathogen encounters, trigger significant transcription reprogramming.
  • Transcription reprogramming relies on transcription (co)factors that regulate RNA Polymerase II activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate recent findings on plant defense transcription into the broader field of eukaryotic transcription dynamics.
  • To highlight the role of post-translational modifications and sequential gene activation in plant immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review and integration of recent findings in plant defense and transcription dynamics.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms controlling transcription (co)factor activity.

More Related Videos

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
10:07

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A Versatile Method for Mounting Arabidopsis Leaves for Intravital Time-lapse Imaging
07:52

A Versatile Method for Mounting Arabidopsis Leaves for Intravital Time-lapse Imaging

Published on: February 11, 2019

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
10:07

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Main Results:

  • Plant defense responses require rapid, transient, spatial, and hierarchical deployment of transcription (co)factors.
  • Post-translational modifications fine-tune transcription (co)factor activity for effective defense.
  • Sequential pulse activation of gene transcription programs provides feedback and feedforward regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription dynamics, including post-translational modifications and pulsed gene activation, are crucial for efficient plant immune responses.
  • Understanding these dynamics offers insights into eukaryotic transcription regulation during stress.