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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...

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Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
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Decision-Making and Depressive Symptomatology.

Yan Leykin, Carolyn Sewell Roberts, Robert J Derubeis

    Cognitive Therapy and Research
    |August 16, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Depression often impairs decision-making. This study found that using simple decision tools significantly improved choices for individuals with depressive symptoms, suggesting strategy deficits, not goal differences, underlie these difficulties.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Clinical Psychology

    Background:

    • Difficulty making decisions is a key symptom of depressive illness.
    • The specific nature of decision-making deficits in depression requires further characterization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and decision-making quality.
    • To determine if decision-making difficulties in depression stem from strategy deficits or altered goals/priorities.

    Main Methods:

    • Two studies utilized hypothetical scenarios to assess decision-making.
    • Study 1 used free-response decision-making and experience descriptions.
    • Study 2 employed simple decision tools to guide participants.

    Main Results:

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    • Higher depressive symptoms correlated with poorer decision-making outcomes in Study 1.
    • Minimal intervention with decision tools in Study 2 eliminated the decline in decision quality related to depressive symptoms.
    • Depressive symptom severity showed minimal association with decision-making goals and priorities.

    Conclusions:

    • Decision-making difficulties in depression appear primarily linked to a failure to employ effective decision-making strategies.
    • Interventions focusing on decision-making techniques may improve outcomes for individuals experiencing depressive symptoms.