Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation01:12

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation

Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A cross-sectional analysis of male versus female flourishing among 202,898 participants across 22 countries on 73 variables in the global flourishing study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Spirituality and Harmful or Hazardous Alcohol and Other Drug Use: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

JAMA psychiatry·2026
Same author

Love of neighbor assessment: validity, reliability, and a template for measurement.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Childhood experiences and adult self-rated physical health in 22 countries.

BMC global and public health·2026
Same author

Mental illness, mental health, and mental well-being.

Npj mental health research·2026
Same author

Adolescence in social context: Longitudinal associations of 15 social factors with health and well-being.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon
09:44

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

Principal stratification--uses and limitations.

Tyler J Vanderweele1

  • 1Harvard University, USA.

The International Journal of Biostatistics
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The principal stratification framework clarifies causal inference challenges like non-compliance and censoring-by-death. However, it is not suitable for analyzing mediation or indirect effects in causal analysis.

Keywords:
causal inferencemediationnon-compliancepotential outcomesprincipal stratificationsurrogates

More Related Videos

Sampling Soils in a Heterogeneous Research Plot
07:11

Sampling Soils in a Heterogeneous Research Plot

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon
09:44

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

Sampling Soils in a Heterogeneous Research Plot
07:11

Sampling Soils in a Heterogeneous Research Plot

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Causal Inference
  • Statistical Methodology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The principal stratification framework was proposed to address complex causal inference problems.
  • Clarification was sought regarding its specific applications and limitations within the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the appropriate applications of the principal stratification framework in causal effect analysis.
  • To critically evaluate its utility for various causal inference scenarios, including mediation and direct effects.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis and argumentation.
  • Review of existing literature on principal stratification and causal inference.

Main Results:

  • Principal stratification effectively addresses issues of non-compliance, censoring-by-death, and post-infection outcomes.
  • Its utility for surrogacy analysis requires further methodological development.
  • It offers some value in assessing direct effects but is inappropriate for mediation analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The principal stratification framework is a valuable tool for specific causal inference problems but not for mediation analysis.
  • There is no inherent measure of indirect or mediated effects within the principal stratification framework.