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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Neurofeedback in ADHD: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Ali Reza Bakhshayesh1, Sylvana Hänsch, Anne Wyschkon

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
|August 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neurofeedback (NF) effectively reduced inattention in children with ADHD compared to EMG biofeedback. While NF improved attention and reaction times, hyperactivity and impulsivity benefits may involve non-specific treatment factors.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
  • Previous neurofeedback (NF) studies for ADHD lacked rigorous control for confounding variables.
  • A randomized, controlled design is crucial for validating NF efficacy in ADHD treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of EEG neurofeedback (NF) versus EMG biofeedback (BF) in treating core ADHD symptoms.
  • To address methodological limitations of prior NF research by using a matched, randomized design.
  • To investigate the specific and non-specific effects of NF on ADHD symptomatology.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-five children with ADHD were randomly assigned to either EEG neurofeedback (NF) or EMG biofeedback (BF) groups.
  • Both groups received 30 treatment sessions.
  • Assessments included psychophysiological measures, parent/teacher behavioral ratings, and psychometric tests.

Main Results:

  • EEG neurofeedback successfully reduced theta/beta ratios, while EMG biofeedback reduced muscle tension.
  • Parents reported significant ADHD symptom reduction, with greater inattention improvement in the NF group (d = -0.94).
  • NF training enhanced attention and reaction times on psychometric measures.

Conclusions:

  • EEG neurofeedback is effective in reducing inattention symptoms and improving reaction times in children with ADHD.
  • The observed improvements in hyperactivity and impulsivity may be influenced by non-specific treatment factors.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying NF's impact on ADHD symptoms.