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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells
10:44

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells

Published on: February 2, 2011

Bridging innate NK cell functions with adaptive immunity.

Emanuela Marcenaro, Simona Carlomagno, Silvia Pesce

    Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
    |August 16, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    CpG-ODN selectively down-modulates Killer Ig-like Receptors (KIRs) on NK cells, impacting their interaction with other cells. KIR-mismatched NK cells gain CCR7, crucial for migration in stem cell transplantation.

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    Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
    13:18

    Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

    Published on: December 29, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Medicine

    Background:

    • Killer Ig-like Receptors (KIRs) are key human NK cell receptors involved in immune surveillance.
    • NK cells play vital roles in innate immunity and shaping adaptive immune responses.
    • The interaction between NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) influences NK cell migration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of CpG-ODN on KIR expression and function on NK cells.
    • To explore the role of KIRs in NK cell interaction with DCs and CCR7 acquisition.
    • To understand the implications of KIR-mismatched NK cells in haploidentical stem cell transplantation.

    Main Methods:

    • Treatment of NK cells with CpG-ODN (TLR9 ligand).
    • Analysis of KIR3DL2 expression, co-internalization with CpG-ODN, and subcellular localization.
    • Assessment of CCR7 acquisition by NK cell clones in relation to KIR matching with target cells.

    Main Results:

    • CpG-ODN treatment led to selective down-modulation and co-internalization of KIR3DL2 on NK cells.
    • KIR-mismatched NK cells, but not KIR-matched ones, acquired CCR7 upon interaction with DCs.
    • KIR-mismatched NK cells demonstrated enhanced migration potential.

    Conclusions:

    • CpG-ODN influences KIR function, suggesting a role for NK cells in microbial infections.
    • KIR mismatch is critical for NK cell migration towards lymph nodes via CCR7.
    • KIR-mismatched NK cells hold therapeutic potential in haploidentical stem cell transplantation by preventing graft-versus-host disease.