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Related Concept Videos

Impulse-Momentum Theorem00:49

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

The total change in the motion of an object is proportional to the total force vector acting on it and the time over which it acts. This product is called impulse, a vector quantity with the same direction as the total force acting on the object.
By writing Newton's second law of motion in terms of the momentum of an object and the external force acting on it, and simultaneously using the definition of the impulse vector, it can be shown that the total impulse on an object is equal to its net...
Impulse01:13

Impulse

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the total...
Hydraulic Jump01:29

Hydraulic Jump

A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
Upward Impending Motion01:21

Upward Impending Motion

A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. Its operation is based on converting the force applied at its handle into a torsional moment, causing the upward impending motion of the screw. This movement is accomplished by overcoming the static friction between the threads of the screw and the jack.
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Velocity Potential01:20

Velocity Potential

In steady, incompressible flow through a long, straight pipe with a uniform cross-section, the flow in the central region (far from the pipe walls) is irrotational. This irrotational nature means that fluid particles do not rotate around their axes, and a scalar function called the velocity potential, represented by ϕ, can be used to describe their movement. In irrotational flows, the velocity field V is defined as the gradient of the velocity potential:
Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving01:16

Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving

To analyze a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel with a flow speed of 6 meters per second, follow these steps:Calculate Effective Upstream Velocity:When the downstream gate closes, a hydraulic jump forms, traveling upstream at 2 meters per second. This wave speed combines with the initial channel flow velocity, creating an effective upstream velocity.Identify Flow Velocities Before and After the Hydraulic Jump:Upstream of the hydraulic jump, the effective flow velocity includes both the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
02:43

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Published on: April 4, 2025

Relative net vertical impulse determines jumping performance.

Tyler J Kirby1, Jeffrey M McBride, Tracie L Haines

  • 1Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|August 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Relative net vertical impulse strongly correlates with jump height in both static and countermovement jumps. This metric is a reliable indicator of vertical jump performance across various squat depths, unlike peak force.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Human Movement

Background:

  • Vertical jump performance is crucial in many sports.
  • Understanding the key biomechanical determinants of jump height is essential for training and performance analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between relative net vertical impulse and jump height.
  • To compare the effectiveness of relative net vertical impulse and peak force as predictors of vertical jump performance across different squat depths.

Main Methods:

  • Ten college-aged males performed static and countermovement jumps at various squat depths (0.15m to 0.75m).
  • Peak force, peak velocity, peak power, jump height, and net vertical impulse were recorded during the concentric phase.
  • Relative net vertical impulse was calculated by dividing net vertical impulse by body mass.

Main Results:

  • Increasing squat depth led to decreased peak force but increased jump height and relative net vertical impulse.
  • Relative net vertical impulse showed a strong positive correlation with jump height in both jump types (r > 0.92, p < 0.0001).
  • Peak force was negatively correlated with jump height in both jump types (r < -0.39, p < 0.0018).

Conclusions:

  • Relative net vertical impulse is a robust measure for assessing vertical jump performance across varying squat depths.
  • Peak force is a less reliable indicator of vertical jump performance compared to relative net vertical impulse.