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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Steroid avoidance in renal transplantation.

Amy Lightner1, Waldo Concepcion, Paul Grimm

  • 1Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|August 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Steroid-avoidance protocols show promise for pediatric kidney transplants, improving outcomes and growth without increasing complications. Long-term data is still needed to determine the optimal approach.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • Steroid-avoidance protocols are increasingly used in pediatric renal transplantation due to steroid-related adverse effects.
  • These protocols, initially successful in adults, are now being evaluated in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess patient and graft outcomes in pediatric renal transplant recipients on steroid-avoidance protocols.
  • To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and long-term effects of these protocols, including viral complications, PTLD, metabolic benefits, and growth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and initial results from steroid-avoidance protocols in pediatric renal transplant recipients.
  • Analysis of safety profiles, graft survival, viral complications, PTLD incidence, metabolic profiles, and growth patterns.

Main Results:

  • Initial findings indicate that steroid-avoidance protocols are safe and effective for pediatric kidney transplant patients.
  • These protocols are associated with improved graft survival, better metabolic profiles, and enhanced linear growth.
  • No significant increase in viral complications or post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Steroid-avoidance protocols represent a promising strategy for pediatric renal transplantation.
  • Further long-term data from large, prospective randomized trials are necessary.
  • Optimal steroid-avoidance protocols for this population have not yet been definitively established.