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Updated: May 30, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
Fetal gender ratio in recurrent miscarriages
Anna Del Fabro1, Lorenza Driul, Omar Anis
1Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gender ratio and incidence of chromosomal anomalies in the products of conception (POC) from recurrent miscarriages.
Methods:
We determined the karyotypes of POC from patients with recurrent spontaneous miscarriages between 1999 and 2009.
Results:
In total, 313 specimens were successfully karyotyped, with a median gestational age of 10 weeks at miscarriage (interquartile range 8-13); 199 (64%) were females and 114 (36%) were males. In total, 121 (39%) had abnormal karyotypes, the most prevalent of which were chromosome 21 and 16 trisomies, triploidy, and monosomy X.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that female POC might be more susceptible to recurrent miscarriages than male ones during embryogenesis, implantation, and initial fetal development.
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