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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
13:36

Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Published on: July 23, 2012

MicroRNA function in the nervous system.

Roberto Fiore1, Sharof Khudayberdiev, Reuben Saba

  • 1Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften, SFB488 Junior Group, Universität Heidelberg, and Institut für Neuroanatomie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, Heidelberg, Germany.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|August 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression in neurons, impacting development, cognition, and neurological diseases. This review covers their crucial roles in neuronal function and dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs are abundant in neurons, critical for development, synapse formation, and plasticity.
  • Emerging evidence links miRNAs to cognitive functions and neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on miRNA functions in neuronal development.
  • To review the roles of miRNAs in neuronal physiology.
  • To discuss the involvement of miRNAs in neurological dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on miRNAs in neuroscience.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA roles in neuronal differentiation and plasticity.
  • Examination of research linking miRNAs to neurological diseases.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression in the nervous system.
  • Specific miRNAs are crucial for key neuronal processes like differentiation and synaptogenesis.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in the pathology of various neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play multifaceted roles throughout neuronal development and function.
  • Understanding miRNA mechanisms is vital for addressing neurological diseases.
  • Further research into miRNA pathways offers therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.