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Metabolic programming in the immediate postnatal life.

Mulchand S Patel1, Malathi Srinivasan

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. mspatel@buffalo.edu

Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
|August 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life nutrition significantly impacts long-term metabolic health. Postnatal overnourishment and high-carbohydrate diets in rodents program offspring for obesity and metabolic syndrome, with potential transgenerational effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Metabolic programming during early life influences later metabolic syndrome development.
  • Nutritional interventions in the postnatal period can have lasting effects on offspring health.
  • Rodent models are used to study the impact of early nutrition on metabolic programming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term metabolic effects of postnatal nutritional modifications in rodents.
  • To examine the impact of overnourishment and high-carbohydrate diets on offspring metabolism.
  • To explore potential transgenerational effects of early life nutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Rodent models were used to induce under- and overnourishment via litter size adjustment.
  • Artificial rearing with high-carbohydrate (HC) milk formula was employed.
  • Gene expression in the hypothalamus and pancreatic islet alterations were analyzed.
  • Transgenerational effects were assessed in offspring of HC-fed female rats.

Main Results:

  • Postnatal overnourishment led to increased weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia.
  • HC-fed pups exhibited persistent hyperinsulinemia and hypothalamic neuropeptide alterations predisposing to obesity.
  • Transgenerational effects included chronic hyperinsulinemia and adult-onset obesity in offspring of HC rats.

Conclusions:

  • Early life nutritional insults, including overnourishment and specific macronutrient profiles, induce metabolic programming.
  • These programmed changes predispose to obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life and can have transgenerational consequences.
  • Findings suggest that infant feeding practices may contribute to the rising incidence of childhood and adult obesity.