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Related Concept Videos

Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description01:30

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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

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Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
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Can tuberculous pleural effusions be diagnosed by pleural fluid analysis alone?

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Malignant pleural effusions.

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Management of malignant pleural effusions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Pleural Effusion Model in Rats by Intratracheal Instillation of Polyacrylate/Nanosilica
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The pathophysiology of pleural effusions.

S A Sahn1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

The parietal pleura

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Anatomy
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The parietal pleura's structure facilitates normal pleural fluid dynamics.
  • Understanding these features is key to explaining pleural effusion formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the anatomical and physiological basis of pleural fluid and protein exchange.
  • To identify mechanisms driving pleural fluid accumulation in disease states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical features of the parietal pleura.
  • Analysis of physiological principles governing fluid and protein transport.
  • Pathophysiological correlation of pleural effusion causes.

Main Results:

  • Parietal pleural microvessel proximity and mesothelial stomata are crucial for normal fluid/protein balance.

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  • Pleural effusion occurs when formation exceeds lymphatic clearance.
  • Increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic/pleural pressure, or increased permeability drive effusions.

    • Conclusions:

    • The parietal pleura's unique architecture regulates pleural homeostasis.
    • Dysregulation of fluid exchange mechanisms leads to pathological pleural fluid accumulation.
    • Lymphatic clearance impairment, particularly in malignancy, contributes to effusions.