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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses
05:22

A Multiplex Serological Assay for the Detection of Antibody Responses to Arboviruses

Published on: November 4, 2025

La Crosse encephalitis surveillance using single versus paired serologic testing.

R Murphree1, J R Dunn, W Schaffner

  • 1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. zle9@cdc.gov

Zoonoses and Public Health
|August 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single serologic testing for La Crosse virus (LACV) encephalitis is a valid surveillance method. A single positive IgG or IgM antibody test shows high accuracy, making it efficient for monitoring LACV encephalitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Arbovirology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • La Crosse virus (LACV) causes neuroinvasive disease, particularly in children.
  • Effective surveillance is crucial for understanding LACV epidemiology and implementing control measures.
  • Serologic testing is a key component of arbovirus surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of single serologic tests compared to paired serology for LACV encephalitis surveillance.
  • To determine the utility of single IgG or IgM immunofluorescent antibody titres in LACV surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of serologic test results from LACV encephalitis cases.
  • Comparison of single positive IgG or IgM titres against paired serologic results.
  • Calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and overall test efficiency.

Main Results:

  • A single positive IgG or IgM immunofluorescent antibody titre demonstrated high specificity (98%) and positive predictive value (95%).
  • The sensitivity of a single test was 75%, with an overall test efficiency of 92%.
  • Single testing showed comparable utility to paired serology for LACV encephalitis surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Single serologic testing is a reliable and efficient method for LACV encephalitis surveillance.
  • The findings support the use of single positive antibody titres in routine arbovirus surveillance programs.
  • Simplified serologic approaches can enhance the practicality and timeliness of LACV monitoring.