Intestinal tuberculosis: a diagnostic challenge--case report and review of the literature

Even though tuberculosis is considered rare in developed countries, its rising incidence, especially in high-risk populations, places intestinal tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of patients with atypical abdominal symptoms or signs. We, herein, report the case of an immunocompetent woman, from a nonendemic area, who developed intestinal tuberculosis, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges caused due to nonspecific symptoms, inconclusive clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, which could not rule in or rule out tuberculosis. Antituberculosis treatment was administered based on endoscopic findings and histological features of mucosal biopsies, which were indicative of intestinal tuberculosis, and the patient showed a marked clinical and laboratory improvement. We also review the evidence with regard to the diagnostic accuracy of the different available tests for intestinal tuberculosis.