Ascending placentitis in the mare: A review.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Reproductive Biology
• Equine Science

Background:

• Ascending placentitis is a late-term pregnancy complication in mares.
• Bacterial infection of the uterus leads to abortion or premature, weakened foals.
• Early detection and treatment are crucial for foal survival.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of ascending placentitis in mares.
• To emphasize the importance of timely intervention for improved outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Clinical signs include premature udder development, lactation, and vulvar discharge.
• Diagnostic tools include trans-abdominal/rectal ultrasonography and hormone level monitoring (progesterone, relaxin).
• Definitive diagnosis relies on histopathological examination of the chorioallantoic membrane.

Main Results:

• Affected fetal membranes are often thickened with fibronecrotic exudate, particularly at the cervical star.
• Treatment involves antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, and hormonal support to prolong gestation.
• Antibiotic sensitivity testing guides treatment for mares and at-risk foals.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and intervention significantly increase the chances of producing a viable foal.
• Comprehensive treatment strategies are essential for managing ascending placentitis.
• Prompt treatment benefits both the mare and the foal, reducing risks of sepsis.