Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inhalation Anthrax01:25

Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Plague01:24

Plague

Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identifying Patients at Elevated Risk of Stroke After Transcarotid Artery Revascularization

Journal of vascular surgery·2026
Same author

Building the future of surgical peer review: A new partnership between SURGERY and the Association of Women Surgeons.

Surgery·2026
Same author

Discontinuing contact precautions for COVID-19: the science says its time.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2026
Same author

Readmissions within 90 days in patients with diabetic foot ulcers undergoing soft tissue reconstruction: risk factor analysis.

Journal of wound care·2026
Same author

Failed Endovascular Intervention Prior to Open Bypass Does Not Worsen Outcomes for CLTI.

Journal of vascular surgery·2026
Same author

Association of the SVS WIfI Classification with Long-term Outcomes for Complex Diabetic Foot Wounds.

Journal of vascular surgery·2026
Same journal

Identification of non-ventilated, non-perfused regions using CT-derived lung boundaries and EIT.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency-like Disorder.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

From Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis to ENaC Channelopathy: A Novel SCNN1G Mutation.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Bronchoscopic evaluation of human airway surface liquid pH.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

Association Between Air Pollution and Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same journal

When an Exacerbation Signals a Different Future in non-severe asthma.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

'Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens
11:31

'Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens

Published on: July 8, 2011

Anthrax infection.

Daniel A Sweeney1, Caitlin W Hicks, Xizhong Cui

  • 1Medical Intensivist Program, Washington Hospital, Fremont, California, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|August 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, presents with varied syndromes including a new injectional form. Early symptoms are nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging, but prompt treatment is crucial for survival.

More Related Videos

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG
12:23

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG

Published on: May 16, 2017

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

'Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens
11:31

'Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens

Published on: July 8, 2011

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG
12:23

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG

Published on: May 16, 2017

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bacillus anthracis infections are rare but have resurged due to outbreaks and bioterrorism concerns.
  • Anthrax typically manifests as cutaneous, gastrointestinal, or inhalational syndromes.
  • A fourth syndrome, severe soft tissue infection in injectional drug users, is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Bacillus anthracis infection.
  • To highlight the emergence of injectional anthrax and its associated risks.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and management of anthrax.

Main Methods:

  • Review of case series and existing literature on anthrax.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.
  • Comparison of mortality rates across different anthrax syndromes.

Main Results:

  • Injectional anthrax is an emerging syndrome with significant mortality (33%).
  • Shock is more common in gastrointestinal, inhalational, and injectional anthrax compared to cutaneous.
  • Estimated mortalities: cutaneous (1%), gastrointestinal (25-60%), inhalational (46%), injectional (33%).
  • Nonspecific early symptoms complicate diagnosis, but exposure history and symptom clusters are key clues.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of anthrax is critical, aided by Gram stain, culture, and PCR.
  • Antibiotic therapy, particularly quinolones, is the primary treatment.
  • Adjunctive therapies, including anthrax toxin antagonists, are being considered for severe cases.