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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

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Published on: November 16, 2016

Universal antenatal screening for group B streptococcus in Emilia-Romagna.

Alberto Berardi1, Giorgia Di Fazzio, Sara Gavioli

  • 1Unità Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71-41100 Modena (MO), Italy. berardi.alberto@policlinico.mo.it

Journal of Medical Screening
|August 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening exceeded 85% in pregnant women, with over 90% of positive cases receiving intrapartum antibiotic chemoprophylaxis (IAP). However, suboptimal cultures and unnecessary IAP indicate a need for improved clinician education on GBS prevention protocols.

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Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a primary cause of neonatal infections.
  • Intrapartum antibiotic chemoprophylaxis (IAP) is crucial for preventing early-onset GBS disease.
  • Assessing adherence to GBS prevention protocols is vital for maternal and infant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate clinician compliance with GBS prevention protocols in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
  • To identify areas for improvement in GBS screening and prophylaxis administration.
  • To analyze factors influencing screening and prophylaxis rates in different hospital settings.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection on deliveries from October to December 2005.
  • Utilized standardized pro-forma for recording delivery characteristics.
  • Analyzed data on antenatal screening, GBS culture results, and IAP administration.

Main Results:

  • Antenatal GBS screening was performed in 86.6% of women delivering at term, with 18.1% testing positive.
  • Recto-vaginal cultures were documented in only 42.7% of screened women.
  • IAP was administered to 28.7% of women at term, including 15.9% who were GBS culture-positive and 8.4% without clear indication.

Conclusions:

  • While GBS screening rates were high (>85%), culture quality was often suboptimal.
  • Over 90% of GBS culture-positive women received prophylaxis, but unnecessary IAP occurred in 8.4% of cases.
  • GBS screening was more effective in hospitals with lower delivery volumes, suggesting a need for protocol education and standardization.