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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model
10:31

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

Published on: August 13, 2017

Bilateral calf augmentation for aesthetic purposes.

Luiz Haroldo Pereira1, Beatriz Nicaretta, Aris Sterodimas

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Luiz Haroldo Clinic, Rua Xavier da Silveira 45/206, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|August 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Calf augmentation using silicone implants is a safe and effective cosmetic procedure. Most patients report high satisfaction with aesthetically pleasing results and minimal complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Medicine

Background:

  • Calf shape is influenced by muscle development, bone structure, and fat distribution.
  • Some individuals have naturally underdeveloped calves resistant to exercise.
  • Calf augmentation addresses cosmetic concerns or reconstructs shrunken lower legs.

Observation:

  • 53 patients underwent bilateral calf augmentation using silicone implants between 2004-2007.
  • The study evaluated patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes over a mean follow-up of 4.4 years.
  • Various implant sizes (70ml, 125ml, 175ml) were utilized based on patient needs.

Findings:

  • 73% of patients rated their results as "very good" to "excellent" after 12 months.
  • 19% reported "good" results, with only 8% expressing dissatisfaction.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model
10:31

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

Published on: August 13, 2017

  • Minor complications included seroma (3 cases) and hypertrophic scarring (4 cases); no infections or implant issues occurred.

    • Implications:

    • Silicone calf implants offer an effective solution for aesthetic calf enhancement.
    • The procedure demonstrates a favorable safety profile with high patient satisfaction.
    • This study supports calf augmentation as a viable option for improving lower leg aesthetics.