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Multidimensional scaling of musical time estimations
Raquel Cocenas-Silva1, José Lino Oliveira Bueno, Paul Molin
1Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Perceptual and Motor Skills
|August 23, 2011
Summary
High arousal in music leads to overestimating time duration, while affective valence has minimal impact. Tempo and loudness also influence time perception, affecting how we experience musical duration.
Area of Science:
- Music Psychology
- Psychoacoustics
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Time perception is influenced by various factors, including emotional and musical elements.
- Previous research indicates music can evoke distinct emotional responses.
- Understanding these psycho-musical factors is crucial for explaining subjective time experiences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify psycho-musical factors influencing time evaluation across different Western music eras.
- To investigate the relationship between musical properties, induced emotions, and perceived duration.
- To determine the impact of arousal, valence, tempo, loudness, timbre density, and tension on time judgments.
Main Methods:
- 48 participants (musicians and nonmusicians) listened to 16 musical excerpts.
- Participants grouped excerpts perceived as having similar durations.
- Multidimensional scaling analysis was used to interpret time judgments and psycho-musical factors.
Main Results:
- High arousal in musical excerpts led to an overestimation of time.
- Increased tempo and loudness correlated with time overestimation.
- Affective valence, musical tension, and timbre density had minimal influence on time perception.
Conclusions:
- Arousal is a key psycho-musical factor in overestimating time duration.
- Musical tempo and loudness significantly affect time perception.
- Affective valence and tension play a minor role in how we perceive musical time.
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