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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations, psychological...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

Differences in decision-making development between expert and novice invasion game players.

David Gutierrez Diaz del Campo1, Sixto Gonzalez Villora, Luis M Garcia Lopez

  • 1Facultad de Educacion, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. david.gutierrez@uclm.es

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Expert soccer players show superior decision-making skills in invasion games. Differences in skill selection narrow with age, while tactical adaptation improves with age for experts.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Motor Learning
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Effective decision-making is crucial for success in invasion sports like soccer.
  • Understanding how expertise and age influence decision-making in young athletes is vital for effective coaching.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare decision-making abilities between expert and novice young soccer players.
  • To examine how decision-making differences evolve with age across different levels of expertise.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 55 young expert and 74 novice soccer players aged 7-14 years.
  • Decision-making was assessed in modified invasion games, videotaped for observational analysis.
  • Two levels of decision-making were measured: technical-tactical skill selection and tactical-context adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Expert players consistently demonstrated superior decision-making when skill execution variations were controlled.
  • Differences in skill selection decision-making decreased with age between experts and novices.
  • Differences in tactical-context adaptation decision-making increased with age, favoring experts.

Conclusions:

  • Expertise significantly impacts decision-making in young soccer players.
  • Instructional strategies should consider age-related development in both skill execution and tactical understanding.
  • Task design in training should progressively challenge players' tactical decision-making abilities.