Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

38.1K
Overview
38.1K
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

9.3K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
9.3K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

58.8K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
58.8K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.1K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.1K
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

5.4K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.4K
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

1.1K
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> secreted factors drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through gingipains and an H<sub><b>2</b></sub>S-mediated bacterial defense system.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

ZCWPW1 organizes telomeric architecture to drive meiotic chromosome movements.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A novel hypothetical protein (SAUSA300_1684) confers excellent protection against multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the murine model.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss.

Nature·2025
Same author

Collateral sensitivity and genetic vulnerability of antibiotic resistance.

Trends in microbiology·2025
Same author

Molecular basis for noncanonical transcription initiation from Np<sub>4</sub>A alarmones.

Nature chemical biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 30, 2010

16.0K

Linking RNA polymerase backtracking to genome instability in E. coli.

Dipak Dutta1, Konstantin Shatalin, Vitaly Epshtein

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Cell
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Collisions between DNA replication and transcription cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) when RNA polymerase (RNAP) is arrested. Bacteria use translation and elongation factors to prevent RNAP backtracking and maintain genome stability.

More Related Videos

Visualization of UV-induced Replication Intermediates in E. coli using Two-dimensional Agarose-gel Analysis
10:36

Visualization of UV-induced Replication Intermediates in E. coli using Two-dimensional Agarose-gel Analysis

Published on: December 22, 2010

10.0K
Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System
11:19

Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System

Published on: August 21, 2016

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 30, 2010

16.0K
Visualization of UV-induced Replication Intermediates in E. coli using Two-dimensional Agarose-gel Analysis
10:36

Visualization of UV-induced Replication Intermediates in E. coli using Two-dimensional Agarose-gel Analysis

Published on: December 22, 2010

10.0K
Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System
11:19

Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System

Published on: August 21, 2016

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • DNA replication and transcription frequently collide due to differing rates.
  • The outcome of these collisions is critical for maintaining genomic integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of transcription-elaboration complex (EC) state on DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation during replication-transcription collisions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which bacteria prevent or resolve such collisions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied collisions between replication and transcription in E. coli.
  • Utilized mechanistic modeling to explain DSB formation.
  • Investigated the roles of translation, elongation factors, and termination factors.

Main Results:

  • Codirectional collisions with backtracked (arrested) ECs lead to DSBs, while head-on collisions do not.
  • Translation is a primary mechanism preventing RNAP backtracking.
  • Elongation factors and termination factors also contribute to preventing DSBs by managing arrested ECs.

Conclusions:

  • RNAP backtracking is an intrinsic hazard to chromosomal integrity.
  • Active ribosomes and anti-backtracking mechanisms are crucial for bacterial genome maintenance.