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Related Concept Videos

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
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Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury

Published on: March 21, 2021

Fatal diffuse alveolar damage associated with oxaliplatin administration.

Jack Watkins1, Julian H Slade, Alex Phan

  • 1Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.

Clinical Colorectal Cancer
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Oxaliplatin chemotherapy improves survival for colorectal cancer but can cause rare, fatal lung damage. This case highlights the risk of diffuse alveolar damage during adjuvant therapy.

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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

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Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
07:42

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Chemotherapy Research

Background:

  • Oxaliplatin is a cornerstone of adjuvant and metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.
  • Oxaliplatin-based regimens significantly enhance patient survival rates.
  • Understanding treatment toxicities is crucial for optimizing cancer care.

Observation:

  • A patient with stage III colon cancer experienced fatal diffuse alveolar damage (DAD).
  • The DAD occurred during adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
  • This highlights a rare but severe pulmonary complication of oxaliplatin.

Findings:

  • The case study details the fatal outcome of DAD in a colon cancer patient on oxaliplatin.
  • Other instances of oxaliplatin-induced pulmonary toxicity are reviewed.
  • The pathophysiology of this rare adverse event is explored.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must be vigilant for pulmonary toxicity in patients receiving oxaliplatin.
  • Early recognition and management of oxaliplatin-induced lung injury are critical.
  • Further research into preventing and managing this rare toxicity is warranted.